ISO 16745:2015 pdf free.Environmental performance of buildings一Carbon metric of a building一Use stage.
5 Protocol of measuring the carbon metric of a building in the use stage
5.1 System boundary
5.1.1 Types of carbon metrics of a building
A carbon metric shall be measured by quantifying the direct and indirect GHG emissions and removals associated with a building in-use.
The three types of carbon metrics of a building are defined as follows:
a) Carbon metric 1 (CM 1) is the sum of annual GHG emissions, expressed as CO2 equivalents, from building-related energy use (see 5.3.4.1)
b) Carbon metric 2 (CM2) is the sum of annual GHG emissions, expressed as CO2 equivalents, from building- and user-related energy use (see 5.3.4.2)
c) Carbon metric 3 (CM3) is the sum of annual GHG emissions and removals, expressed as CO2 equivalents, from building- and user-related energy use, plus other building-related sources of GHG emissions and removals.
5.1.2 System boundary for the carbon metrics of a building
5.1.2.1 System boundary for the carbon metrics CM1 and CM2
The system boundary for the CM1 and CM2 of a building is shown in Figure 1. It consists of the equipment to operate the building fulfilling the demand as energy end use and the technical building system(s) to deliver, convert, and generate energy for the energy end use.
CM1 and CM2 of a building are determined based on the following:
a) delivered energy for the building and for other energy use within the building’s site (curtilage);
NOTE Delivered energy includes energy provided by the local or national utility supplier and any remotely generated energy [e.g. from photovoltaic (PV), wind power, or combined heat and power (CHP) etc.] that is directly connected to the building.
b) total on-site energy generated and used in the building and for other energy use within the building’s site (curtilage).
NOTE Examples of sources of on-site energy generation can be solar power [photovoltaic (PV) panel], wind turbine power, biomass fuel, combined heat and power (CHP), fuel cell, and others.
The system boundary shall include all the energy consuming and generating systems that are within the building’s site (curtilage) and that support operation of the building.
All building-related energy end use (as indicated in the pale grey boxes in Figure 1) shall be taken into account for the carbon metric (CM1), even when energy for these services is separately measured through sub-metering.
Lighting (including plug-in lighting necessary for the basic function of the building) and controls (including systems for daylight control) shall be included in the CM1. (see 5.3.4.1).
User-related energy use (as indicated in the dotted box in Figure 1) shall be included in the CM2, including energy for supplementary lighting installed by building users (see 5.3.4.2).
It is NOT necessary to separately measure the amount of energy generated, converted, or consumed within the system boundary by each individual system, piece of equipment, or machine.
Exported energy is outside the system boundary but may be reported as additional information where appropriate (see 6.2.2).
Figures 2,3, and 4 show examples of the system boundary for CM1.
EXAMPLE 1 Only the energy carrier for the delivered energy and energy generated by the PV panels and used within the system boundary are required to be measured for CM1.
5.1.2.2 System boundary for the carbon metric CM3
The system boundary for the carbon metric CM3 shall include all the elements within the system boundary for CM2 plus other processes and activities (including upstream and downstream processes), causing GHG emissions and removals associated with the use stage of the building and other systems within the building’s site (curtilage). These shall include, where significant, maintenance, including cleaning, repair, replacement and refurbishment, water use, waste treatment and disposal, and emissions of refrigerant from building air cooling systems.
5.2 Carbon metric and carbon intensity
The carbon metric is a measure of total GHG emissions attributed to the use of a building in operation, over a one year period. For more detailed analysis or comparison, the carbon metric may be denoted relative to a specific measure of carbon intensity, e.g. per unit area, per person, per kilobyte, per unit output, and/or per GDP.ISO 16745 pdf download.